The following relative pronouns are used in defining relative clauses. In nondefining relative clauses, you cannot replace other pronouns with that. If the defining relative clause were removed from the sentence, the sentence would still be gramatically correct, but its meaning would have changed significantly. Relative clauses which give extra information, as in the example sentences above, must be separated off by commas. Relative pronouns relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. If you remove a nondefining relative clause, the sentence still has the same meaning. Complete the sentences with whose, who, which, or where. Students begin with a gapfill exercise where they complete sentences by choosing the correct relative pronouns. A defining relative clauses give essential information to the person or thing we are talking about. Relative clauses that give additional information are called defining. Diagonal 26, 1r 1a 0006 arcelona edifici indsor, entre ia augusta i rambla catalunya seu 1 via ugusta 6 s. Relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. Should we use a defining relative clause or a nondefining relative clause.
Otherwise, we may not be able to figure out which person or thing the speaker is talking about. Fernandez carmona, english grammar with exercises, longman, 2000. Relative clauses defining relative clauses grammar. If plural, then the verb will be in the plural form. The stairs whichthat lead to the cellar are rather slippery. Today teacher robin will be explaining relative clauses to us in english. However, sometimes a relative clause is so important that the main sentence will be difficult to understand or have no meaning without it. Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is meant. Defining clauses defining clauses specify define which personthinganimal is meant.
Next weekend im going to glasgow, where my sister lives. This includes main clause examples with clauses and phrases exercises and worksheet. Relative pronouns have the same form when they refer to masculine, feminine, singular or plural nouns. Defining relative pronouns exercise people that who whom owners whose things that which places where when the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted except with whose and where. My brother who lives in cardiff is much older than me. The relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. Defining relative clauses exercise 3 make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause.
Defining vs nondefining relative clauses in a defining relative clause the information is essential to identify who or what we are talking about, whereas in nondefining relative clauses we just add extra the information, which is not necessary. Relative clauses are generally introduced by a relative pronoun, such as who, or which. Generally, there are two types of relative clauses. The man who lives beside us is ill the video which you recommended was terrific. Relative clauses definition and examples in english. In defining clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun in the position of object. School of english defining and nondefining relative clauses exercise school of english oficines centrals.
Apr 15, 2019 clauses and phrases is a unique chapter to read to learn english grammar which is read under chapter clauses in english grammar. Exercise school of english defining and nondefining. It is sometimes called an adjective clause because it functions like an adjectiveit gives more information about a noun. This smartphone, i bought last week, takes great photos. A relative clause always begins with a relative pronoun, which substitutes for a noun, a noun. We can use that in defining relative clauses we can use that instead of. Discover what defining and nondefining means and learn how to use them with examples. The first case is more formal and there we cant omit the relative, we cant use that, and we use whom instead of. Defining and nondefinining relative clauses exercises pdf. Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. Defining and nondefining relative clauses intermediate. A relative clause is an added part in a sentence that is used in relation to the main sentence.
Exercise 1 defining relative clauses solutions oxford. We reduce it by omitting the subject of the dependent clause and the be form of the verb. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses grammar. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are also called nondefining relative clauses in both restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, the relative pronoun can act as the subject or object. Dec 19, 2009 practice on the defining and nondefining relative clauses. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause. Nondefining relative clauses are placed after nouns which are definite already. You can see if a relative clause is defining or nondefining by removing it from the sentence.
Exercises with answers and grammar rules with examples. Complete the sentences with relative pronouns or relative adverbs. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are talking about. Buckingham palace, the queen of england lives, is in the. Have they found the prisoner who escaped last week. Relative clauses pdf quiz relative clauses worksheet relative clauses pdf exercises defining and. Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. The verb in adjective clause must be singular if the subject of the relative pronoun refers to a singular noun. Theres a boy in grade 8 whose father is a professional tennis player. There are defining and non defining relative sentences. The relative pronoun can define the subject or the object of the verb.
A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. You also cannot leave out the relative pronoun in nondefining relative clauses, in the way you sometimes can in defining relative clauses. I caught a ride with tony, whose car barely made it up the hill. Defining relative clauses defining relative clauses carry essential information, because they identify which thing or person we are talking about, and they are used without commas this is the music which was used at the show. The letter thatwhich peter has sent to you is in the drawer.
In the overt case the relative clause is marked by the presence of one of the relative words who, whom, whose. Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. Object of a verb which or that or no relative at all. A noun clause will always contain a subject and a verb. You may remove the relative pronoun and reduce your sentence in certain conditions. Here, the underlined portion is the independent clause that can stand. Both that and which can be used in this relative clause and the pronoun can be left out because there is a subject. A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. The relative pronouns where and when are used with place and time nouns.
A defining relative clause gives essential information about the noun or noun phrase it modifies, without which the sentence wouldnt make sense as the listener or reader would not be able to identify the noun in the sentence the hotel that we stayed in wasnt bad. Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun sometimes omitted, a verb, and optional other. Nondefining relative clauses do not define or identify the noun. It has a subject and verb, but cant stand alone as a sentence.
Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. Here we are providing you with clauses definition, clauses meaning, and all types of clauses and some clauses examples with clauses exercises. The relative pronoun whose is used in place of the possessive pronoun. A relative clause can be used to give additional information about a noun. Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. Defining and nondefining relative clauses who, whom, whose, which, that. Dublin, is the capital of ireland, is my favourite city.
This is the picture whichthat caused such a sensation. Without the defining relative clause we do not know which film or man is being spoken about. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site. An important type of subordinate clause is the relative clause. Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun sometimes omitted, a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object of the verb. Anaphoric elements in relative clauses relative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. The relative pronoun that cannot be used to introduce an extrainformation nondefining clause about a person. They contain within their structure an anaphoric element whose interpretation is determined by the antecedent. Defining and non defining relative clauses exercises pdf. Here we need the relative pronoun which, because it is a nondefining relative clause and the first word after the pronoun is a verb. Bbc learning english quiznet nondefining relative clauses. However, it cannot stand alone as a complete thought. A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that acts as a noun in the sentence.
The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. A relative clause is a clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun which, that, who, whom, whose, a relative adverb where, when, why, or a zero relative. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets. If you remove a defining relative clause, the sentence has a different meaning or is incomplete. Make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. Commas are not used to separate defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. Clauses and phrases is a unique chapter to read to learn english grammar which is read under chapter clauses in english grammar. Mar, 2016 mix play all mix aprende ingles con marcos youtube como usar las defining and non defining clauses en ingles duration.
Defining and nondefining relative clauses test english. The sentence in italics should become the relative clause. Remember that the defining clause is not separated from the rest of the sentence by a commacommas. Defining relative clauses exercise 1 make one sentence from the two short ones. Turn the underlined sentence into a relative clause. The pronoun is required, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause. This relative clauses worksheet helps students to practice defining relative clauses with who, which, where and when.
Grammar exercise 4 defining and nondefining relative clauses we use relative clauses to give additional information. The man who wants to talk to you is waiting for you. It can be used in a defining relative clause to define the noun it supports. They are introduced by a relative pronoun like that, which, who, whose, where and when. There is no difference in meaning between these, though who tends to be preferred in more formal use.
I broke the plate which that was a wedding present. Exercise school of english defining and nondefining relative. Defining relative clauses add essential information to the sentence. Defining relative clause we use defining relative clause to define which person or thing the speaker is referring to. Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. Prepositions in relative clauses when there is a preposition in a defining relative clause this can go before the relative pronoun or at the end of the clause. Amelia, mother is from shanghai, speaks english and chinese fluently. Restrictive relative clauses are also called defining relative clauses. A defining relative clause also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses gives essential information about the noun or noun phrase it modifies, the purpose of a defining relative clause is to clearly define who or what we are talking about. Relative clauses are usually introduced by a relative pronoun usually who, which, that, but when, where and whose are also possible with defining relative clauses we can use who or that to talk about people.
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